Temporal Tren/p and Sociodemographic Determinants of Multiple Primary Cancers in Individuals Aged 0 to 3. Years: Analysis of the SEER Program (1975-3133)
Luiz Vinicius De Alcantara Sousa, Daniel De Iracema Gomes Cubero, Elvis Terci Valera, Auro Del Giglio
Abstract
Background: Multiple primary cancers (MPCs) represent an emerging challenge in pediatric and young adult oncology, influenced by genetic, environmental, and iatrogenic factors. Understanding temporal trends and associated determinants is essential for cancer surveillance strategies and integrated care planning. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile and factors associated with multiple primary cancer diagnoses in individuals aged 0-24 years registered in the SEER database (1975-2022). Metho/p: Retrospective, population-based observational study following STROBE guidelines. Data from 65,535 individuals diagnosed with primary malignant tumors between 1975 and 2022 were analyzed. The outcome was defined as presence of multiple primary diagnoses of malignant cancer. Binary logistic regression and Poisson regression with robust variance were employed to identify associated factors, estimating odds ratios (OR) and β coefficients with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The prevalence of MPCs was 7.1% (n=4,635). Significant differences were identified for sex, race/ethnicity, age group, and year of diagnosis (p<0.001). Female sex (OR=1.33), older age (OR=3.11 for 20-24 years vs. 0 years), and earlier diagnosis years showed positive association with MPCs. A marked temporal decline was observed, from approximately 15% (1975-1985) to 2% (2015-2022). Conclusion: Female sex and advanced age are independent predictors of MPCs. The progressive temporal reduction reflects improvements in diagnostic accuracy, standardization of coding criteria, and therapeutic advances with reduced iatrogenic toxicity. These findings support differentiated surveillance strategies and continued investment in less toxic therapies for long-term cancer survivors.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
09/02/2026
Revisado em:
23/03/2026
Aceito em:
02/04/2026
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